Recycling of plastic materials pdf plastic shopping bags can be returned to your supermarket for recycling. Plastic is a recyclable material and the process of recycling it provides various benefits. The discussion below captures process steps that are most commonly used, and where package design features may have an impact on the quality or productivity of the process. However, typical hdpe recycling process conditions are not aggressive enough to remove all adhesive material, and a certain amount of residual adhesive is to be expected in recycled hdpe. Each arrow represents one step in the threestep process that completes the recycling loop. Materials are taken from the curbside or dropoff center. Plastic consumption is rising and with it the amount of plastic ending up as waste. The following table summarizes seven different types of commonly used. Adhesive that is not removed from hdpe during the wash step is a source of contamination and discoloration when hdpe is recycled.
Plastic recycling machine equipment and the plastic recycling. At this stage nails and stones are removed, and the plastic. Adapted by royal business consult trust, harare zimbabwe international labour office. The recycling of plastics is carried out in a five step process. Recycling journey of a plastic bottle plastics make it possible. National reach study may 2011 moore recycling associates inc.
These numbers and labels identify both the type of resin used to make the plastic and the products recyclability. The simplest of plastic recycling processes involves collecting, sorting, shredding, washing, melting, and pelletizing. Start your waste recycling business business manual final. As a valuable and finite resource, the optimum recovery route for most plastic items at the endoflife is to be recycled, preferably back into a product that can then be recycled again and again and so on.
Four per cent of annual world oil production is used as a feedstock for making plastics, in addition to the four% used as energy to process plastics wastewatch, 2001. At recycling mills, plastics are sorted by these symbols and are sometimes sorted an additional time based on the color of the plastic. However, some previous studies discovered that plastic recycling supply chains are. Carbonlites facilities process over 7 billion plastic bottles annually. New methods for recycling plastic materials from endof. Reach and the recycling of plastics reference manual for an. Associated with the different types of resin are potential health risks. Other natural resources such as wood and coal can be used, but this is not common. The actual particular processes vary based on plastic resin or type of plastic product.
Using a countrywide network for collection of plastic waste through rag pickers, waste collectors and waste dealers and recycling enterprises this. Most virgin plastics are made from natural gas, ethylene gas, or as a byproduct of petroleum development. This impurity is also present in the recycled granulates at a 5% level, since pe cannot be removed with the methods being used. The recycling processes can be broken down into 7 distinct steps. The use of aluminium has greatly increased in recent years, and now the aluminium recycled from automobiles well exceeds that from packaging. The plastic recycling process begins from the time the virgin plastic is made, all the way through to the end, when it begins again as a new product after the recycling process. The term was derived from the greek plastikos, which means fit for molding.
Extracted oil is made up of a mixture of hydrocarbons, which can be separated into fractions, such as gasoline, naphtha and bitumen. When you put materials into your recycling bin, you shouldnt put them ducts and feedstock recycling methods that use plastic as a raw material in the. The plastic granules pass through a pipe with a rotating screw, which forces the granules forward into a heated barrel, where the melting occurs. Finally, each type of plastic is ground into dirty flakes. The basics of the plastic recycling process explained. Plastics, glass or rubber january 1998 association of small business development centers for information. Postconsumer pet plastic is baled into large blocks of compact plastic and shipped to a recycling facility where it is then shredded into tiny flakes. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. In contrast, other plastics are removed effectively. There are seven different plastic recycling symbols marked on the bottoms of plastic containers. These are then sold to manufacturers who use it to make new plastic products. In order for the plastic to be in a suitable format for re use in manufacturing environments such as by injection moulding companies the waste or scrap plastic, needs to go through several.
The right thing to do is put the right recyclables in the recycling container and nonrecyclables into garbage containers. Plastic recycling machine equipment and the plastic. Significant improvements have been made by local authorities, the recycling industry and other parts of the supply chain towards achieving a circular economy for plastics. Nearly all types of plastics can be recycled, however the extent to which they are recycled depends upon technical, economic and logistic factors. The collection is designed to collect several types of source separated recycable materials such as metals, glass and plastics dry recyclables. Recycled plastic is often used to make durable goods that need to last a long time carpet and can be exposed to weather and microbial environments strapping and pipe. This process is successful because it causes the condensation polymer within the plastic product to undergo an inverse polymerization. Methods of plastic recycling and new innovative processes. Most plastic recycling facilities use the following twostep process. Recycling is a dynamic process that restores the life cycle of a material. Mar 02, 2017 heres how the recycling process works for one of the most commonly recycled plastics. This is done through roadside collections, special recycling bins and directly from industries that use a lot of plastic. Upcoming carbonlite operation is companys largest yet. Plastics market situation report was published in 2011.
However, their popularity has also meant a rise in plastic waste, which brings its own economic, environmental and social issues. Pe and pp might be mixed together to increase strength in elasticity or process. Fortunately, recycling can keep those plastics out of landfills and reduce the number of new materials spent on a variety of objects. Process or product cannot be achieved without a cradletograve or. Many people like using plastic bottles since they are normally lighter and durable, unlike glass materials. New methods for recycling plastic materials from endoflife. These new technologies are based on four different types of processes. Nov 29, 2012 tertiary tertiary recycling process is a widely used recycling process and produces chemical and fuels from waste plastics. Sorting plastics automatically or with a manual sort to. Mechanical recycling methods to make plastic products and feedstock recycling methods that use plastic as a raw. This cokemaking process is used to create quasipure carbon, but also creates volatile material that can be used to create gas for households among others, benzole used a lot in the cosmetics and pharmaceutical industries, or coaltar which can be reused to. Chemical recycling of plastics waste pvc and other resins stb 9955 final 6 for this report, the following structure has been chosen. Since the duration of life of plastic wastes is very small roughly 40% have duration of life smaller than one month, there is a vast waste stream approximately 21.
Discussion of pet recycling can be broken down into four separate process segments. There is no sustainability with respect to plastic packaging without recycling. The value of the recycled plastic relies greatly on its purity. Mechanical waste plastic recycling practical answers. At recycling mills, plastics are sorted by these symbols and are sometimes sorted an additional time based on the color of. Recycling plastics starting a business introduction sooner or later, everything we use and consume becomes waste, including all these nice plastic items and plastic bags we use every day. Therefore, thorough washing of the plastic material and drying should be done prior to. By encouraging people in your home or office to recycle, taking. Chemical recycling of plastics waste pvc and other resins. Markets for some recycled plastic resins, such as pet and hdpe, are stable and even expanding in the united states. The plastic recycling process recycling plastic is unlike glass or metal processes due to the greater number of steps involved and the use of dyes, fillers, and other additives used in virgin plastics resin produced directly from a petrochemical or biochemical feedstock. Plastic recycling is broken up into a few distinct steps. Heres how the recycling process works for one of the most commonly recycled plastics. Plastic zero public private cooperations for avoiding.
Plastic recycling and the plastic recycling process. Plastic recycling is the process of recovering scrap or waste plastic and reprocessing the material into useful products. Managing plastic waste is a global problem with increasing amounts of waste in. Who is liable when recycled plastic underperforms when containing degradable additives. Promising technologies,including dryformed processing, wetformed processing, and woodplastic and woodcement composite manufacture, are discussed. Even small dust particles can reduce the quality of the material drastically as it will disturb the polymer arrangement and later the quality of the final product. Performance evaluation and standards development,which are necessary to move recycled. Download limit exceeded you have exceeded your daily download allowance. Compounding is the mixing of 2 or more materials in dry bulk, melt or liquid to achieve a plastic material formulation that behaves as a sum of the materials in the formulation. Forest products laboratory, that focus on the development of building products from recycled wood waste.
The converter will process the plastic to consumer grade plastic that can be used by the enduser to make new. Plastic recycling is the term given to the processing of waste plastic which turns old or scrap plastic in to a useable product which can then reenter the manufacturing chain. Reach and the recycling of plastics reference manual. Create granulated flake in this process segment, bales of pet packaging are broken open, sorted and granulated to create pet flake that. However, most of the plastic packaging waste is generated by consumers and will have to be recovered to allow for recycling. Extrusion is a process used to homogenise the plastic pieces with heat. Recycling journey of a plastic bottle plastics make it. Then, the melted plastic is cooled in a water bath and is later turned into pellets, which are easier to use when making new.
Around 5% of the plastic at the input consists of polyethylene pe. Rather than operating merely out of environmental necessity, plastic material recovery services can be both costefficient and productive, saving resources for a range of different manufacturing applications. In normal english, that pretty much means it causes aspects of the plastic to reverse or inverse and thus creates a more stable, recycled plastic. At the prf each type of plastic will then go through a specific process to prepare the recycle material for the converters. Smart plastics guide plastic products are typically labeled with a number surrounded by the recycling symbol. The word plastic is a common term that is used for many materials of a synthetic or semisynthetic nature. This report provides an update on key developments over the past few years. After being washed, the flakes are melted down and extruded into pellets. An item made out of plastic is recycled into a different product, which usually cannot be recycled again. The next slide shows the results of such an analysis of a plastic drink container. Pet bottles, or rigid plastic such as pots, tubs and trays. The process begins with sorting the various items by their resin content.
The first step in the recycling process is always collecting the plastic material that is to be. This has been demonstrated over a period of 2 years, with the help of dsc analyses. Plastic recycling is a wellestablished industry that globally processes and resells several million tons of used plastic material each year. Plastic products are typically labeled with a number surrounded by the recycling symbol. Quaternary quaternary recycling process involves incineration of plastic wastes at very high temperatures of up to 900 to o c 1652 to 1832 o f. An analysis that considers this whole process is referred to as lifecycle analysis. Apr 22, 2020 four per cent of annual world oil production is used as a feedstock for making plastics, in addition to the four% used as energy to process plastics wastewatch, 2001. Then, the melted plastic is cooled in a water bath and is later turned into pellets, which. The left over materials from this recycling process are sent to. County with basic information on the manufacturing and recycling processes.
Finding viable solutions for recycling plastic materials from elv is the purpose of our work. Recycling techniques of polyolefins from plastic wastes 115 2007, association of plastic manufacturers, 2007. Start your waste recycling business business manual october 2007 this training material is based on a training package that was originally produced in 2001 for the sustainable lusaka programme by a task force of the international labour organization. Plastic recycling is the process of recovering different types of plastic material in order to reprocess them into varied other products, unlike their original form. Oil and natural gas are the main raw materials for producing the monomers. Start your waste recycling business business manual october 2007 this training material is based on a training package that was originally produced in 2001 for the sustainable lusaka programme by a task force of the. Since the majority of plastic is nonbiodegradable, recycling is a part of global efforts to reduce plastic in the waste stream, especially the approximately 8 million metric tonnes of waste plastic that enters the earths ocean every year.
Chemical recycling is the broad term used to describe a range of technologies, other than mechanical recycling, that are emerging in the plastic waste recycling sector to recycle plastics streams that are currently sent to landfill or incineration. Plastics are used on a daily basis throughout the world. The recycling of plastics is carried out in a five. An introduction to plastics precision plastic machining. The process steps used to recycle pet have been developed to maintain these important performance attributes. Conversely, recyclable items placed into garbage containers are hauled to a landfill and cannot be recovered effectively. The socalled postconsumer plastic packaging waste is an extremely complex waste stream and consists of a potpourri of plastic. Promising technologies,including dryformed processing, wetformed processing, and wood plastic and woodcement composite manufacture, are discussed. Recyclables stuck inside plastic bags are at risk for never making it through the recycling process. Process of plastic recycling pdf recycle plastic waste among other resources. Generally these steps remain the same for most types of recycling facilities, but certain steps can be combined or omitted in some situations. Plastic containers make up a huge amount of the trash the average person throws away each day. Step by step process of recycling plastic greentumble.
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